Software companies are pouring record money into R&D, and AI has turned that spend into a running meter. Financial statements show what was spent, not what it earned, so investors and boards can't tell winners from cash burners.
That blind spot is where the next decade's software wealth gets made or lost. Whoever sees R&D return first backs the compounders and avoids the burners.
We grade 250 public software companies on one scale, the R&D Return Score (AAA–D), built only from SEC filings.
Every covered software company is evaluated through one standardized framework: quarterly financial statements and 5-year DCF models, published research pieces, and a single R&D Return rating formula.
Clean, scannable quarterly fundamentals, 6 core operating KPIs, explicit 5-year unlevered cash flow schedules, and WACC sensitivity matrices.
Published software equity research pieces, Stock Profile hubs (/research/[ticker]), catalyst notes, and valuation teardowns with quantified operating value levers across the coverage universe.
One unified Ratings v3 (0–100) formula combining 45% R&D Spend + 35% Net Profit + 20% 1-Yr Payback (Leader to Laggard), Buy / Hold / Sell verdicts, and 1-year lagged R&D Return grades (AAA–D).
Anthropic's S-1 shows $16.29B of first-half revenue, $3.45B of free cash flow and $1.26B left after stock pay. It also caps public holders at 49.9% of the vote, leaves price and share count blank, and names about $637.00B of compute commitments.
SpaceX committed to a $40B GPU lease on Oct 24 while spending 171.52% of revenue on capex. The difference from CoreWeave is $13.43B of net cash, a 5.86% bond stack and a profit pool beyond compute.
Microsoft still runs the best software franchise in the market, but in fiscal 2026 it spent 77% of its operating cash on data centres. After full capex, finance leases and stock pay, owner cash fell to $17.31B, and the valuation now asks for 37.86% a year of growth from that base.
Across 103 software companies with more than $1B of revenue, margins widened at 72 of 98 and stock pay fell as a share of revenue at 76 of 102. Count stock pay as a cost and the median owner cash margin is 12.62%, and only 18 names clear the rule of 40.
